Verification vs. Validation in Software Testing

Verification confirms that the software is built according to stakeholder's expectations Validation ensures the software meets user's expectations.

• Verification: "Are we building the product right?" (Static process)
• Validation: "Are we building the right product?" (Dynamic process)

What is Verification?

Verification is a static testing process that ensures the software meets predefined requirements without executing code. It focuses on reviewing design, architecture, and documentation before development.

Characteristics of Verification

• Ensures compliance with functional and technical specifications.
• Performed through reviews, walkthroughs, and inspections.
• Identifies defects early, reducing rework costs.
• Conducted by Quality Assurance (QA) teams.

What is Validation?

Validation is a dynamic testing process that ensures the developed software functions as intended in real-world scenarios. It involves actual execution to confirm the product meets user expectations.

Characteristics of Validation

• Focuses on real-world usability, performance, and security.
• Conducted through functional testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing (UAT).
• Detects runtime defects, integration issues, and usability flaws.
• Performed by Software Testing teams.

Key Differences Between Verification and Validation

Real-World Examples of Verification and Validation

Verification:

• Reviewing a mobile banking app’s UI/UX wireframes and architecture documents to ensure all required features are covered before development begins.

Validation:

• Performing functional testing on a mobile banking app to verify users can log in, transfer funds, and view account balances on various devices.